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A delta rectifier is a type of circuit that is commonly used in power electronic applications. It is designed to convert alternating current input voltage into direct current output voltage. The basic principle of operation of a delta rectifier is to utilize six diodes arranged in a delta configuration. The three-phase AC input voltage is applied to the three terminals of the delta circuit. Each phase is then connected to the two diode branches in the circuit. The diodes within each branch are arranged in an anti parallel manner, allowing current to flow in only one direction.
During positive half cycles of the AC input voltage, the diodes in one branch become forward biased, allowing current to flow through them. At the same time, the diodes in the other two branches become reverse biased, preventing current flow through them. This results in the rectification of the positive half cycles, converting them into positive DC voltage at the output. Similarly, during negative half cycles of the AC input voltage, the roles of the forward-biased and reverse-biased diodes are reversed. The diodes in the previously reverse-biased branch become forward-biased, allowing current to flow through them. This rectifies the negative half-cycles, converting them into negative DC voltage at the output.
The combination of the rectified positive and negative DC voltage at the output of the delta rectifier results in a pulsating DC waveform known as a six pulse waveform. This waveform contains harmonic components due to the non-linear characteristics of the diodes which may require additional filtering for certain applications. Delta rectifiers have several advantages that make them popular in power electronic systems. They have a simple circuit configuration with only six diodes required for operation. This simplicity allows for cost-effective implementation and ease of maintenance. Additionally, delta rectifiers offer good efficiency and power handling capabilities, making them suitable for high-power applications.